logo
english english
français français
Deutsch Deutsch
Italiano Italiano
Русский Русский
Español Español
português português
Nederlandse Nederlandse
ελληνικά ελληνικά
日本語 日本語
한국 한국
العربية العربية
हिन्दी हिन्दी
Türkçe Türkçe
indonesia indonesia
tiếng Việt tiếng Việt
ไทย ไทย
বাংলা বাংলা
فارسی فارسی
polski polski
Haus
Über uns
Unternehmensprofil
fabrik-ausflug
qualitätskontrolle
produits

Wasser-Reinigungs-Chemikalien

Wasser Decoloring-Mittel

Anionisches Polyacrylamid

Kationischen Polyacrylamid

Polyaluminiumchlorid

Quaternäres Ammonium-Polymer

Nichtionisches Polyacrylamid

Farbabbau-Chemikalie

Bohrspülung Zusatzstoffe

Dicyandiamide-Formaldehyd-Harz

Polyelektrolyt-Flockungsmittel

Eisensulfat

Farbhaftmittel

Gerinnungsmittel und Flockungsmittel

Anlage basiertes desodorierendes Mittel

Chemikalien gegen Schaumbildung

Chemisches Demulsifier
lösungen
neuigkeiten
kontakt us
english english
français français
Deutsch Deutsch
Italiano Italiano
Русский Русский
Español Español
português português
Nederlandse Nederlandse
ελληνικά ελληνικά
日本語 日本語
한국 한국
العربية العربية
हिन्दी हिन्दी
Türkçe Türkçe
indonesia indonesia
tiếng Việt tiếng Việt
ไทย ไทย
বাংলা বাংলা
فارسی فارسی
polski polski
zitat
haus
Über uns
Unternehmensprofil
fabrik-ausflug
qualitätskontrolle
FAQ
produits

Wasser-Reinigungs-Chemikalien

Wasser Decoloring-Mittel

Anionisches Polyacrylamid

Kationischen Polyacrylamid

Polyaluminiumchlorid

Quaternäres Ammonium-Polymer

Nichtionisches Polyacrylamid

Farbabbau-Chemikalie

Bohrspülung Zusatzstoffe

Dicyandiamide-Formaldehyd-Harz

Polyelektrolyt-Flockungsmittel

Eisensulfat

Farbhaftmittel

Gerinnungsmittel und Flockungsmittel

Anlage basiertes desodorierendes Mittel

Chemikalien gegen Schaumbildung

Chemisches Demulsifier
lösungen
neuigkeiten
kontakt us
Zitat
Banner

Details der Lösungen
Created with Pixso. Haus Created with Pixso. Lösungen Created with Pixso.

Vietnam Nickel-Containing Wastewater Treatment Case for a Metal Finishing Customer

Vietnam Nickel-Containing Wastewater Treatment Case for a Metal Finishing Customer

2026-07-10
Customer Application Case | Vietnam

Vietnam Nickel-Containing Wastewater Treatment Case for a Metal Finishing Customer

Bluwat evaluated a yellow nickel-containing wastewater sample from a metal surface treatment application and developed a three-stage chemical program combining heavy metal capture, PAC coagulation and APAM flocculation.

Country Vietnam
Industry Metal Surface Finishing
Main Target Nickel and Suspended Contaminants
Treatment Route Capture, Coagulation and Flocculation
01

Nickel Wastewater Jar Test Video

Watch the laboratory treatment process showing chemical addition, floc formation, settling and the visible separation of the treated water from the nickel-containing sludge.

Laboratory demonstration: heavy metal capture agent followed by PAC coagulation and APAM flocculation for nickel-containing industrial wastewater.

02

Project Background

Vietnam has developed a substantial manufacturing base covering electronics, precision components, mechanical processing and metal products. These industries may involve electroplating, metal cleaning, surface treatment and component finishing processes that generate wastewater containing nickel and other heavy metals.

In this application case, Bluwat evaluated a yellow nickel-containing wastewater sample for a metal surface treatment customer serving the Vietnamese market. The customer needed a chemical treatment program capable of converting dissolved nickel into removable particles while producing sufficiently large and dense flocs for sedimentation and sludge separation.

The customer operates a metal processing and surface finishing production line in Vietnam. Wastewater generated during production contained nickel-related contaminants and displayed a visible yellow color. Conventional settling alone could not effectively remove the dissolved metals and fine suspended particles.

Customer Treatment Requirements

  • Capture dissolved nickel ions
  • Destabilize fine particles and colloids
  • Form large and dense flocs
  • Improve sedimentation performance
  • Facilitate downstream sludge separation
  • Support more stable treatment operation
Recommended approach: Bluwat selected a three-stage chemical process involving a heavy metal capture agent, PAC coagulant and anionic polyacrylamide.
03

Wastewater Characteristics

Item Observation
Wastewater type Nickel-containing industrial wastewater
Industry Metal surface treatment and finishing
Country Vietnam
Appearance Yellow liquid
Main treatment target Nickel and suspended contaminants
Main difficulty Dissolved metals and fine precipitates
Treatment method Heavy metal capture, coagulation and flocculation
Important: The wastewater had a clear yellow appearance before treatment, but visual appearance cannot indicate the exact nickel concentration. Laboratory analysis is required to determine both initial and final nickel levels.
04

Laboratory Treatment Program

After evaluating the wastewater sample, the following reference chemical program was selected:

Treatment Chemical Reference Dosage Function
Heavy Metal Capture Agent 250 ppm Reacts with nickel ions and forms removable compounds
Polyaluminium Chloride 500 ppm Destabilizes colloids and promotes coagulation
Anionic Polyacrylamide 3 ppm Forms larger flocs and improves settling
Dosage notice: These dosages were established for this specific laboratory sample and should not be applied directly to other wastewater streams without jar testing.
05

Treatment Procedure

Heavy Metal Capture

250 ppm

The heavy metal capture agent was added first. During mixing, its functional groups reacted with dissolved nickel ions and converted them into less soluble compounds and fine particles that could be removed through coagulation and sedimentation.

Sufficient mixing was maintained to ensure complete contact between the chemical and the wastewater.

PAC Coagulation

500 ppm

PAC was then added to neutralize the surface charges of fine particles, destabilize colloidal contaminants and bring the newly formed metal-containing precipitates together.

After PAC addition, small particles began to aggregate into visible microflocs.

APAM Flocculation

3 ppm

APAM was added as the final treatment chemical. Through polymer bridging, it connected fine precipitates and microflocs into larger, stronger and more easily settled flocs.

The mixing speed was reduced after APAM addition to prevent the newly formed flocs from breaking.

Settling and Separation

Final Stage

After flocculation, the wastewater was allowed to settle. Large dark flocs separated from the liquid phase and accumulated at the bottom of the test container.

The improved floc size and density provided better conditions for sedimentation, filtration or sludge dewatering.

06

Laboratory Observations

Dark-colored flocs formed rapidly
Fine precipitates developed into larger aggregates
Flocs showed good settling characteristics
Solid and liquid phases became easier to separate
The treated water showed visible clarification
Generated sludge was more suitable for collection and dewatering

The test indicated that the combination of heavy metal capture agent, PAC and APAM was suitable for this nickel-containing wastewater sample.

Compliance verification: Visible clarification alone does not prove that treated water meets Vietnam's discharge requirements. Final nickel concentration, pH, suspended solids and other regulated parameters must be confirmed through laboratory analysis.
07

Why the Combined Process Worked

The treatment result depended on the different functions of the three chemicals.

Stage 1

Heavy Metal Capture Agent for Nickel Removal

The heavy metal capture agent was the main chemical responsible for reacting with dissolved nickel. It helped convert nickel ions into insoluble or less soluble compounds.

Without this reaction, dissolved nickel might remain in the treated water even when the wastewater appears visually clear.

Stage 2

PAC for Coagulation

PAC destabilized fine particles and colloidal impurities. It brought small nickel-containing precipitates together and prepared them for polymer flocculation.

PAC also improved the overall strength and compactness of the coagulated particles.

Stage 3

APAM for Floc Formation

APAM provided molecular bridging between small particles. This produced larger and denser flocs that settled more rapidly and were easier to remove.

The resulting solids were better suited to sedimentation, filtration or sludge dewatering.

Three treatment functions: chemical capture of dissolved nickel, coagulation of fine particles, and flocculation for solid-liquid separation.
08

Recommended Treatment Flow

Nickel-Containing Wastewater
Wastewater Equalization
pH Adjustment When Required
Heavy Metal Capture Agent Addition
PAC Coagulation
APAM Flocculation
Sedimentation or DAF Separation
Sludge Collection and Dewatering
Treated Water Analysis
The actual chemical order and pH range should be adjusted according to the chemical form of the nickel and the overall wastewater composition.
09

Suitable Applications in Vietnam

This treatment method can be evaluated for wastewater generated by the following facilities:

Electroplating Factories
Electronic Component Manufacturers
Precision Metal Component Factories
Automotive and Motorcycle Parts Manufacturers
Metal Surface Finishing Plants
Stainless-Steel Processing Factories
Machinery Manufacturing Facilities
Connector and Hardware Manufacturers

Vietnam's industrial parks include electronics manufacturing, mechanical processing and metal-product production, making this type of wastewater treatment application relevant to the local manufacturing market.

10

Important Factors Affecting Nickel Removal

Wastewater pH

The pH influences nickel precipitation, capture reactions, coagulation and flocculation. The optimum pH should be determined through laboratory testing rather than applying one fixed value to every wastewater stream.

Complexing Agents

Some electroplating and metal-finishing wastewater contains ammonia, citrate, EDTA or other complexing substances. These substances can bind with nickel and make conventional hydroxide precipitation less effective. A suitable heavy metal capture agent may therefore be required to treat complexed nickel.

Other Heavy Metals

The wastewater may also contain copper, zinc, chromium, iron or other metals. Their presence can affect chemical demand, sludge volume and the optimum treatment dosage.

Mixing Conditions

Strong initial mixing helps distribute the heavy metal capture agent and PAC. After APAM is added, slower mixing is recommended to promote floc growth without damaging the formed flocs.

Chemical Dosage

Insufficient dosage may leave dissolved nickel or fine particles in the treated water. Excessive dosage may increase operating costs, sludge production and residual chemicals. Jar testing should be used to establish the most economical dosage.

11

Sludge Management

The sludge generated during treatment contains captured nickel and other contaminants. It should not be discharged directly or mixed with ordinary waste without proper assessment.

The customer should collect, dewater, store and dispose of the sludge according to applicable local requirements. Depending on the sludge composition and available facilities, it may require treatment as regulated industrial or hazardous waste.

12

Recommended Full-Scale Verification

Before applying the treatment program to a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, Bluwat recommends carrying out the following work:

Raw wastewater analysis
Initial nickel concentration testing
Wastewater pH measurement
Complexing-agent evaluation
Multi-dosage jar tests
Settling-time comparison
Sludge-volume observation
Treated-water nickel analysis
Pilot-scale operational testing
Dosage should be optimized according to actual wastewater flow, pollutant loading and required discharge limits.
13

Project Result

The laboratory test demonstrated that the proposed treatment process could generate visible flocs and improve the separation of nickel-containing particles from the wastewater.

Reference Treatment Program

Heavy Metal Capture Agent 250 ppm
PAC 500 ppm
APAM 3 ppm

The resulting flocs settled effectively and created a clearer separation between the liquid and sludge phases. Based on these observations, the chemical combination was considered suitable for further pilot testing and optimization for the Vietnamese metal-finishing customer.

Conclusion

Nickel-containing wastewater can be difficult to treat because nickel may exist in dissolved, suspended or complexed forms. For this Vietnam application, the combination of a heavy metal capture agent, PAC and APAM provided a complete process covering nickel capture, coagulation, flocculation and solid-liquid separation.

Bluwat Chemicals can support Vietnamese customers with wastewater sample testing, chemical selection, dosage optimization and treatment-process recommendations for electroplating, electronics, metal finishing and mechanical manufacturing wastewater.

Banner
Details der Lösungen
Created with Pixso. Haus Created with Pixso. Lösungen Created with Pixso.

Vietnam Nickel-Containing Wastewater Treatment Case for a Metal Finishing Customer

Vietnam Nickel-Containing Wastewater Treatment Case for a Metal Finishing Customer

Customer Application Case | Vietnam

Vietnam Nickel-Containing Wastewater Treatment Case for a Metal Finishing Customer

Bluwat evaluated a yellow nickel-containing wastewater sample from a metal surface treatment application and developed a three-stage chemical program combining heavy metal capture, PAC coagulation and APAM flocculation.

Country Vietnam
Industry Metal Surface Finishing
Main Target Nickel and Suspended Contaminants
Treatment Route Capture, Coagulation and Flocculation
01

Nickel Wastewater Jar Test Video

Watch the laboratory treatment process showing chemical addition, floc formation, settling and the visible separation of the treated water from the nickel-containing sludge.

Laboratory demonstration: heavy metal capture agent followed by PAC coagulation and APAM flocculation for nickel-containing industrial wastewater.

02

Project Background

Vietnam has developed a substantial manufacturing base covering electronics, precision components, mechanical processing and metal products. These industries may involve electroplating, metal cleaning, surface treatment and component finishing processes that generate wastewater containing nickel and other heavy metals.

In this application case, Bluwat evaluated a yellow nickel-containing wastewater sample for a metal surface treatment customer serving the Vietnamese market. The customer needed a chemical treatment program capable of converting dissolved nickel into removable particles while producing sufficiently large and dense flocs for sedimentation and sludge separation.

The customer operates a metal processing and surface finishing production line in Vietnam. Wastewater generated during production contained nickel-related contaminants and displayed a visible yellow color. Conventional settling alone could not effectively remove the dissolved metals and fine suspended particles.

Customer Treatment Requirements

  • Capture dissolved nickel ions
  • Destabilize fine particles and colloids
  • Form large and dense flocs
  • Improve sedimentation performance
  • Facilitate downstream sludge separation
  • Support more stable treatment operation
Recommended approach: Bluwat selected a three-stage chemical process involving a heavy metal capture agent, PAC coagulant and anionic polyacrylamide.
03

Wastewater Characteristics

Item Observation
Wastewater type Nickel-containing industrial wastewater
Industry Metal surface treatment and finishing
Country Vietnam
Appearance Yellow liquid
Main treatment target Nickel and suspended contaminants
Main difficulty Dissolved metals and fine precipitates
Treatment method Heavy metal capture, coagulation and flocculation
Important: The wastewater had a clear yellow appearance before treatment, but visual appearance cannot indicate the exact nickel concentration. Laboratory analysis is required to determine both initial and final nickel levels.
04

Laboratory Treatment Program

After evaluating the wastewater sample, the following reference chemical program was selected:

Treatment Chemical Reference Dosage Function
Heavy Metal Capture Agent 250 ppm Reacts with nickel ions and forms removable compounds
Polyaluminium Chloride 500 ppm Destabilizes colloids and promotes coagulation
Anionic Polyacrylamide 3 ppm Forms larger flocs and improves settling
Dosage notice: These dosages were established for this specific laboratory sample and should not be applied directly to other wastewater streams without jar testing.
05

Treatment Procedure

Heavy Metal Capture

250 ppm

The heavy metal capture agent was added first. During mixing, its functional groups reacted with dissolved nickel ions and converted them into less soluble compounds and fine particles that could be removed through coagulation and sedimentation.

Sufficient mixing was maintained to ensure complete contact between the chemical and the wastewater.

PAC Coagulation

500 ppm

PAC was then added to neutralize the surface charges of fine particles, destabilize colloidal contaminants and bring the newly formed metal-containing precipitates together.

After PAC addition, small particles began to aggregate into visible microflocs.

APAM Flocculation

3 ppm

APAM was added as the final treatment chemical. Through polymer bridging, it connected fine precipitates and microflocs into larger, stronger and more easily settled flocs.

The mixing speed was reduced after APAM addition to prevent the newly formed flocs from breaking.

Settling and Separation

Final Stage

After flocculation, the wastewater was allowed to settle. Large dark flocs separated from the liquid phase and accumulated at the bottom of the test container.

The improved floc size and density provided better conditions for sedimentation, filtration or sludge dewatering.

06

Laboratory Observations

Dark-colored flocs formed rapidly
Fine precipitates developed into larger aggregates
Flocs showed good settling characteristics
Solid and liquid phases became easier to separate
The treated water showed visible clarification
Generated sludge was more suitable for collection and dewatering

The test indicated that the combination of heavy metal capture agent, PAC and APAM was suitable for this nickel-containing wastewater sample.

Compliance verification: Visible clarification alone does not prove that treated water meets Vietnam's discharge requirements. Final nickel concentration, pH, suspended solids and other regulated parameters must be confirmed through laboratory analysis.
07

Why the Combined Process Worked

The treatment result depended on the different functions of the three chemicals.

Stage 1

Heavy Metal Capture Agent for Nickel Removal

The heavy metal capture agent was the main chemical responsible for reacting with dissolved nickel. It helped convert nickel ions into insoluble or less soluble compounds.

Without this reaction, dissolved nickel might remain in the treated water even when the wastewater appears visually clear.

Stage 2

PAC for Coagulation

PAC destabilized fine particles and colloidal impurities. It brought small nickel-containing precipitates together and prepared them for polymer flocculation.

PAC also improved the overall strength and compactness of the coagulated particles.

Stage 3

APAM for Floc Formation

APAM provided molecular bridging between small particles. This produced larger and denser flocs that settled more rapidly and were easier to remove.

The resulting solids were better suited to sedimentation, filtration or sludge dewatering.

Three treatment functions: chemical capture of dissolved nickel, coagulation of fine particles, and flocculation for solid-liquid separation.
08

Recommended Treatment Flow

Nickel-Containing Wastewater
Wastewater Equalization
pH Adjustment When Required
Heavy Metal Capture Agent Addition
PAC Coagulation
APAM Flocculation
Sedimentation or DAF Separation
Sludge Collection and Dewatering
Treated Water Analysis
The actual chemical order and pH range should be adjusted according to the chemical form of the nickel and the overall wastewater composition.
09

Suitable Applications in Vietnam

This treatment method can be evaluated for wastewater generated by the following facilities:

Electroplating Factories
Electronic Component Manufacturers
Precision Metal Component Factories
Automotive and Motorcycle Parts Manufacturers
Metal Surface Finishing Plants
Stainless-Steel Processing Factories
Machinery Manufacturing Facilities
Connector and Hardware Manufacturers

Vietnam's industrial parks include electronics manufacturing, mechanical processing and metal-product production, making this type of wastewater treatment application relevant to the local manufacturing market.

10

Important Factors Affecting Nickel Removal

Wastewater pH

The pH influences nickel precipitation, capture reactions, coagulation and flocculation. The optimum pH should be determined through laboratory testing rather than applying one fixed value to every wastewater stream.

Complexing Agents

Some electroplating and metal-finishing wastewater contains ammonia, citrate, EDTA or other complexing substances. These substances can bind with nickel and make conventional hydroxide precipitation less effective. A suitable heavy metal capture agent may therefore be required to treat complexed nickel.

Other Heavy Metals

The wastewater may also contain copper, zinc, chromium, iron or other metals. Their presence can affect chemical demand, sludge volume and the optimum treatment dosage.

Mixing Conditions

Strong initial mixing helps distribute the heavy metal capture agent and PAC. After APAM is added, slower mixing is recommended to promote floc growth without damaging the formed flocs.

Chemical Dosage

Insufficient dosage may leave dissolved nickel or fine particles in the treated water. Excessive dosage may increase operating costs, sludge production and residual chemicals. Jar testing should be used to establish the most economical dosage.

11

Sludge Management

The sludge generated during treatment contains captured nickel and other contaminants. It should not be discharged directly or mixed with ordinary waste without proper assessment.

The customer should collect, dewater, store and dispose of the sludge according to applicable local requirements. Depending on the sludge composition and available facilities, it may require treatment as regulated industrial or hazardous waste.

12

Recommended Full-Scale Verification

Before applying the treatment program to a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, Bluwat recommends carrying out the following work:

Raw wastewater analysis
Initial nickel concentration testing
Wastewater pH measurement
Complexing-agent evaluation
Multi-dosage jar tests
Settling-time comparison
Sludge-volume observation
Treated-water nickel analysis
Pilot-scale operational testing
Dosage should be optimized according to actual wastewater flow, pollutant loading and required discharge limits.
13

Project Result

The laboratory test demonstrated that the proposed treatment process could generate visible flocs and improve the separation of nickel-containing particles from the wastewater.

Reference Treatment Program

Heavy Metal Capture Agent 250 ppm
PAC 500 ppm
APAM 3 ppm

The resulting flocs settled effectively and created a clearer separation between the liquid and sludge phases. Based on these observations, the chemical combination was considered suitable for further pilot testing and optimization for the Vietnamese metal-finishing customer.

Conclusion

Nickel-containing wastewater can be difficult to treat because nickel may exist in dissolved, suspended or complexed forms. For this Vietnam application, the combination of a heavy metal capture agent, PAC and APAM provided a complete process covering nickel capture, coagulation, flocculation and solid-liquid separation.

Bluwat Chemicals can support Vietnamese customers with wastewater sample testing, chemical selection, dosage optimization and treatment-process recommendations for electroplating, electronics, metal finishing and mechanical manufacturing wastewater.